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  1. Case Definitions/

Open Syndrome Babesiosis

Authors: Public Health Agency of Canada

Location: Canada

Purpose #

Case definition for suspected babesiosis

The definition #

Babesiosis infections range in severity from asymptomatic to severe (occasionally fatal) depending on host and parasite factors. Most symptomatic infections caused by B. microti are mild and self-limiting, developing 1 to 4 weeks after the tick bite and 1 to 9 weeks after contamination of blood products. The salient features are fever and non-specific flu-like illness (malaise, fatigue, chills, sweats, and headache).

Machine-readable definition #

The definition is available in JSON format following the Open Syndrome v1.0 specification:

{
   "category": "suspected",
   "definition_type": "case_definition",
   "description": "Case definition for suspected babesiosis",
   "human_readable_definition": "Babesiosis infections range in severity from asymptomatic to severe\n(occasionally fatal) depending on host and parasite factors. Most\nsymptomatic infections caused by B. microti  are mild and self-limiting,\ndeveloping 1 to 4 weeks after the tick bite and 1 to 9 weeks after\ncontamination of blood products.  The salient features are fever and\nnon-specific flu-like illness (malaise, fatigue, chills, sweats, and\nheadache).\n",
   "inclusion_criteria": [
     {
       "logical_operator": "AND",
       "type": "criterion",
       "values": [
         {
           "name": "fever",
           "type": "symptom"
         },
         {
           "logical_operator": "AT_LEAST",
           "logical_operator_arguments": [
             1
           ],
           "type": "criterion",
           "values": [
             {
               "name": "fatigue",
               "type": "symptom"
             },
             {
               "name": "chills",
               "type": "symptom"
             },
             {
               "name": "sweats",
               "type": "symptom"
             },
             {
               "name": "headache",
               "type": "symptom"
             },
             {
               "name": "anorexia",
               "type": "symptom"
             },
             {
               "name": "hemolytic anemia",
               "type": "symptom"
             },
             {
               "name": "thrombocytopenia",
               "type": "symptom"
             }
           ]
         }
       ]
     }
   ],
   "keywords": [
     "North America",
     "Babesiosis"
   ],
   "language": "English",
   "location": "Canada",
   "open_syndrome_version": "1.0.0",
   "organization": "Public Health Agency of Canada",
   "published_at": "2025-01-29T12:00:00Z",
   "published_by": [
     "Open Syndrome Initiative"
   ],
   "published_in": "https://opensyndrome.org",
   "references": [
     {
       "citation": "National Case Definition for Babesiosis, Canada",
       "url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/diseases/babesiosis/health-professionals/national-case-definition.html"
     }
   ],
   "scope": "broad",
   "status": "draft",
   "target_public_health_threats": [
     "Babesiosis"
   ],
   "title": "Open Syndrome Babesiosis",
   "version": "1.0.0"
 }

Using the Definition #

Healthcare organizations can implement this definition through:

  • Direct integration with surveillance systems
  • API endpoints for real-time validation
  • Manual case verification processes

Next Steps #

We encourage:

  • Clinical feedback on the definition criteria
  • Technical feedback on the implementation format
  • Suggestions for additional symptoms or signs
  • Reports of implementation experiences

Get Involved #

We welcome contributions and feedback from the community.